In this article we will know that, how dubai was built, how dubai got rich, how dubai gets water, how dubai makes money, why dubai is so rich, why dubai is the best place to live, who rules dubai, where dubai located on the map, when dubai was built, will dubai sink, will dubai run out of oil,
in 1990, a place which was completely barren, there was no dust, no heat, even no water. which was surrounded by deserts, has now become a place that has left behind cities all over the world. The place where there was so much water, today, 128 billion imperial gallons of water is easily provided per year. Big fountains and canals are being built very rapidly today. Where there was sand, today there are world-class roads, the world's largest building, the largest mall, the largest hotel, the highest restaurant, and the highest lift. It is said that it is very difficult to build a normal building on the sand. They built the world's largest building on the sand.
The police here drive supercars like Lamborghini and Ferrari. You must have understood by now that I am talking about the city of the richest people in the world. If you go west from India, you will find the UAE. United Arab Emirates. Actually, seven kings from different kingdoms decided that they will make a country together, which is called UAE.
These are the seven kingdoms. And see, there is a lot of confusion between cities and kingdoms. Because the names of kingdoms and cities are the same. For example, the Dubai Kingdom is called Emirates of Dubai. And in this Emirates of Dubai, there is a city called the City of Dubai. Similarly, in the Emirates of Abu Dhabi, there is a city called Abu Dhabi. Just like every country has a President and Prime Minister, the UAE also has one. But who will become the President or Prime Minister? This is decided in a different way. The seven kingdoms have decided that the king of Abu Dhabi will always be the president. And the king of Dubai will always be the prime minister. That's why in the UAE, you will see that the power is concentrated in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
And this is the reason why the UAE is such a country where in one country, you see such a picture on one side and on the other side, you see such a picture in the same country. Look, whatever is Dubai today, what is the reason behind it, we will have to go back a little to understand it. If we talk about the year 1820, then the UAE today, at that particular time, there was nothing in this area. Different kings, i.e. sheikhs, ruled their own area and this area was called Sheikhdom. Today, where Dubai is, it was called a fishing village at that time, which used to come under the rule of Abu Dhabi. In 1833, Sheikh Maktoum Bin separated it from Abu Dhabi and made it a separate kingdom.
And he is also called the founder of Dubai. The rulers of Dubai today, They are from this same family. Now, after some time, in 1853, the Britishers, who were ruling the whole world, used to use this area to go from London to Bombay. But the problem was that while leaving this place, loot used to happen with the Britishers. So for this, the Britishers, in Sheikhdoms, this area of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, talked to them and signed a truce agreement. In which they talked about their security so that they don't have any problem in the future. After that, the name of this area changed from Sheikhdoms to Trucial State. and Dubai was also counted as a truce state. Later, when Russia and France got involved in this area, the British army secured these truce states.
And the whole foreign affair of these states started to be seen by the British. But the British didn't do any development here because for the British, the truce state was just a crossing point and the sea was everywhere from the top, so they didn't have much benefit here. At this time, the area of Dubai was more than fishing, became famous for its pearl business. But Dubai was still known as a village. Dubai's real fate changed in 1958 when Sheikh Rashid Bin Said became the ruler of Dubai. And he made Dubai a shining city from a village. In 1959, he went to Europe and he was very impressed by the infrastructure there. And as soon as he came there, he decided that he would make Dubai a hub of trading, transport and finance which would become famous all over the world.
Dubai is in the Persian Gulf. between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar. This route also connects Asia, Africa and Europe. The strategic location of Dubai was very good. Sheikh Rashid took care of this. He had a natural Dubai Creek. It was a small boat but big ships could not come. Sheikh Rashid made it deeper and wider so that big ships could also come. They didn't accept even a small boat. For this, they put all the money in this and took a loan. It was a big risk and Sheikh Rashid had to listen to it a lot. No one could understand what he was doing. But it was a big success. Due to this, big ships started coming in Dubai. Due to which the market near Dubai started running very well.
Sheikh Rashid didn't stop here either. He built an airport, invested a lot of money in the infrastructure. Whatever money was coming, he was investing in all these things. Because of this, his joke also went far. Because this whole project cost a lot of money. which was a problem for them. In 1966, oil was produced in Dubai, but it was very little compared to its neighbouring country. But Sheikh Rashid believed that the oil was available, but it wouldn't last for long, so he invested the money in infrastructure development. He also said a line which is still very famous. He said, my grandfather used to ride a camel and my father too. I drive a Mercedes, my son will drive a Land Rover. His son will also drive a Land Rover, but the situation will be such that his future son will drive a camel again.
That's why he wanted to make Dubai a city whose dependency was not on oil. When Sheikh Rashid was building infrastructure in Dubai, a lot of things were happening in that region as well. For example, Dubai got independence from the Britishers. The Britishers left because the Britishers had to spend a lot of money to maintain the security of this area. So the Britishers left from here in 1968 and in December 1971, all the kingdoms They all become one. Ras Al Khaimah, this kingdom, joins after a year. So, a total of 7 kingdoms form a country. Dubai itself was a kingdom, but as a country, it represented the UAE. Whenever ships go from one place to another, ports are needed for fuel filling or loading and unloading.
And Dubai was such a strategic location that many ships had to come and go from that particular area. Sheikh Rashid understood the importance of this at that particular time and made the port Rashid. Because of this port, the ships stopped there. And when a ship stops, there is a lot of commercial activity around it. You can think of it like this, if there is a village, a highway passes by, and the villagers take everything from the petrol pump to the food, everything is available in that village. So the commercial activity of that village will increase a lot. The same thing happened with the ports. Port Rashid was built in 1972. And after seeing its success, a port was built again in 1979. Port Jebel Ali.
Although it was built at that time, but even today, it is the largest port in the Middle East. Now all these things were being built in Dubai, along with it, Dubai dry dock was built for the repairing of ships. And when all these things started to be built, then from here, the Emirate of Dubai started to shine. When the rest of the country was building big palaces with oil money, then at that time, Sheikh Rashid's thinking was completely different. And after some time, such a thing was done that no one expected. At such a time, when all the ports were ready in Dubai, the ships were coming a lot, So, instead of increasing the cost of the port, Sheikh Rashid announced that the port of Dubai, Jabil Ali, is a commercial-free zone.
This means that whoever passes through this area will not have to pay tax. The entire area was tax-free, which allowed for import duty, export duty, manufacturing tax, etc. This was a game-changer move of Sheikh Rashid. Because of doing so much, this route became everyone's favorite route. And about 24% of Dubai's GDP started coming from here. And Dubai grew rapidly like a big city, whose credit goes to Sheikh Rashid and his bold decision. The way he thought at that time, there are still many leaders who are very eager to think and execute. To develop Dubai, highly skilled people were called from outside, because they knew that the growth of any country is only when the population is skilled and there is a hunger to move forward in the people.
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And on an average, after doing scale courses, employees have taken an average of 126% hike. So do check out Scaler. Link is in the description. So let's come back to the topic. At that time, one more thing happened. At that particular time, Karachi airport used to be a very big and busy airport in Pakistan. Due to the good location of Pakistan, all the flights from America to the British Airways used to take place from Pakistan. And because of this, Pakistan International Airline became very big. Sheikh Rashid wanted to divert this thing in the favour of Dubai because Dubai's location was also very good. For which he tried a lot and made multiple runways etc. And the benefit of making this runway etc. was that all the airlines like Singapore Airline,
Air India, Malaysian Airline, the flights between Asia and Europe, became a refueling point for Dubai. But it didn't end there because Sheikh Rashid wanted to divert the entire airline business to Dubai. In 1985, he started an airline And it was named Air Emirates. For this, they paid a lot of money and started buying airplanes from Pakistan. And slowly, the entire business of Pakistan was diverted to Dubai. The Air Emirates airline was very behind the rest of the airlines. Because the Dubai government used to pay money to grow the Air Emirates separately. And the tax was not even a single rupee. If we talk about the rest of the airlines, then the government of their country used to take tax from them. And they had to pay the expenses with their own pockets.
That's why the Air Emirates left everyone behind. And in the future, it left airlines all over the world behind. Look, if you have been to Dubai, you must have noticed that Dubai is one of the countries that follows a lot of religion. But even after that, there are no special restrictions for those who come from abroad. Dubai has been made so that people from every country can come there without any hesitation. And if they come once, they feel like coming again and Dubai makes the most money. And the thought that we see in Dubai today, this thought was also started by Sheikh Rashid. When the ships were coming from all over the world to Dubai, they knew that people would also come from outside.
And it is very important for the people there to feel comfortable in Dubai. That's why in Dubai, in comparison to other neighbouring countries, very open rules and regulations have been kept. And that thinking has been furthered by his son even today. As soon as the ports and trade started, people from all over the world started coming to Dubai. From here, Sheikh Rashid thought that the people who are coming, They were given more facilities so that they could stay in Dubai. And from here, Dubai started to become a tourist place. The thing that started as a port was now moving towards a tourist destination. Now, by building big hotels and buildings in Dubai, the work of making Dubai a tourist destination started. At that time, many luxurious hotels were built in Dubai.
And along with this, Dubai's hotel sector started to boom very fast. Till now, Dubai was earning from those people who were coming through ships. But in 1990, Sheikh Rashid tried that people from all over the world came for tourism. so that Dubai can progress further. But despite having hotels in every facility, people were not coming from outside Dubai. And to find a solution for this, Dubai added one more thing to its tourism, which was glamour. Whatever things were famous or popular in the world, they were brought into Dubai on a larger scale. In 1999, Burj Al Arab Hotel was built in Dubai. It was the tallest hotel in the world at that time, which was built on an artificial island. But before this hotel worked properly,
In this particular year, Sheikh Rashid dies. And his son Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid becomes king. Sheikh Mohammed was also like his father. He moved his father's dream further. And the Burj Al Arab Hotel was opened on 1 December 1999. It was one of the most luxurious and expensive hotels in the world at that time. It was the world's only 7-star hotel of that particular time. There was a private beach for the guests in this hotel. They had their own separate helipad. With this kind of building, and attracted the attention of the whole world. King Sheikh Mohammed was very much inspired by Daniel Burnham. Daniel was an American architect. He designed modern Chicago. He believed that if any city has to settle in the world, then he would not have any solution with the Mediocre project.
Because with this, no one will ask the city, no one will pay attention to it, nor will it grow. So if you want to keep a city ahead of you, then you have to move forward with a big giant project. And with this thought, everything in Dubai, which was in the world, was made bigger. Where it is very difficult to make a room in sand, the world's architect was called and the line of buildings was laid in the sand. The whole city was built in the sand filled with soil in the sea. This could only be thought of in dreams, but Dubai built multiple islands in the desert. When all these things were being built, water was also very much needed. For that, such a water management system was brought.
They made the sea water drinkable and the water problem was also solved. They had taxed the ports. Along with that, they also taxed the entire country. In Dubai, businessmen and individuals don't have to pay income tax. Instead of taking tax from the common people and businessmen, they used oil exports, tourism, and trade funds. Because of this, the rich people from all over the world shifted their businesses from their headquarters to Dubai. Due to tourism and business model, many people came to Dubai from outside. About 35 lakh people live in Dubai. Among them, Emirati Permanent Citizens Even though there are more foreigners living in Dubai, but Dubai does not give citizenship to any foreigners. The citizens of Dubai are only Arabs who have settled before 1925 or whose parents are Emirati.
Emirati means UAE citizen. And according to their rule, it is not only that if you marry an Emirati, you will get citizenship, only females can get it, that too after 7 years and 1 child. In case, if the child is not born, then after 10 years, the female will get citizenship. And for the male, there is no option of getting citizenship from marriage. Yes, there is one way in which the people outside also get citizenship of Dubai. If there is a scientist, doctor or artist outside of Dubai, who has 10 years of experience and who has won an international award or if there is a big reputed investor and there is no criminal record of him, then in that case, Dubai gives citizenship to the people outside also.
But they do not get voting rights even after that. The citizenship of Dubai has a lot of benefits. Free education, free health care, housing allowance, cost of living allowance, etc. This is a kind of monthly income. And if you work in the private sector, you are also given a monthly top-up of up to Rs. 1,50,000. If you don't have land, you can try by requesting the government that if you want land, you can get it for free. There is a lot of preference in subsidies and jobs, which are the citizens, the Emirati. As soon as an Emirati citizen is born without doing anything, becomes a millionaire. All these facilities are also given so that the citizens of Dubai remain happy. Because if those citizens are not happy, then the talks of democracy begin to rise.
In 2011, protests were held for democracy in the entire Middle East. But there was not a single protest in Dubai. Because the citizens of Dubai do not want this particular system to change. Look, Dubai is an autocratic Islamic state, where its citizens are very happy. But for everyone, Dubai's journey is not good. The less Dubai is built, the more workers are required to build it. And all these workers are not from the cities of Dubai, but from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and the Philippines. Their working conditions are not good, their pay is low, and in many cases, the employers misuse their situation. When foreign workers come to work in Dubai and other Gulf countries, they cannot come to work directly. They come through a system called the Kafala system.
Through this system, the government gives permission to Dubai's employers so that they can bring workers from outside. After this permission, the employers call the workers who have come from outside with ticket money and give them a place and salary to stay. Through this kafala system, the workers who come from outside to work in Dubai, their employment and the remaining visa are both linked. So, in a way, instead of the government, the legal status of the workers who come from outside is in the hands of a private person. Basically, it goes into the hands of their employer. And this is a very big problem of this system. Because the employer who calls the workers from outside by sponsoring the visa, if his worker has to leave the work, then the employer's consent is required for that.
For an outside worker, leaving the workplace without permission is a crime for which he can also be punished. In Western media, the kafala system is called modern slavery. In this system, some employers keep the workers' passports, visa and phone. These workers live in overcrowded dorms. In some cases, they are also wrongly signed a contract. because they don't understand the language there. In many cases, their passports were sold to other employers. In 2014, a report of Human Rights Watch came out, which told the exact situation of female domestic workers facing abuse in the UAE. It said that their employers physically abused the females, they are not given their wages, they were not allowed to talk to family members, they were given 20 hours of work a day, only 4 hours of sleep, and they were not given leave.
There was also no emergency helpline number where they could to complain. When there was a lot of criticism of all these things, in 2017, the UAE introduced a new worker protection law, due to which a lot of things have improved. But in 2022, when the Guardian's report came, in which it was told that the passports of the workers who came to the Dubai Expo were again taken away and the labour law was not followed, then the question began to arise again. Look, here the rules are correct for male citizens, but the rules are still very strict for female citizens. In 2018, the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al, ran away from his daughter Princess Latifa Dubai and reached Goa through Oman.
The Indian Coast Guard also caught them. They told them that they had fled from their father and they needed a political asylum. But the Indian Special Forces sent them back from the private jet to Dubai. Later in 2021, they made a secret video in which they recorded and told that their father had imprisoned them in Dubai and that their lives were in danger. Similarly, in June 2019, Prince Hayabind Hussain, the wife of the ruler of Dubai, fled to England with his two children They were given shelter there. In the same way, Princess Latifa's sister, Princess Shamsa, also disappeared on her vacation in July 2000. And she started living in London. But after a few days, she was kidnapped and brought to Dubai by a private jet.
And in 2020, a court in the UK said that her kidnapping was not done by her father. Look, Dubai has become a modern city. But there is still an authoritative and conservative rule going on there. Dubai has made progress on many fronts. and many such friends who are still behind. But converting desert sand into a big metropolis is no less than a miracle
